kar-3, redupl. karkar-

    kar-3, redupl. karkar-

    English meaning: hard

    Deutsche Übersetzung: under likewise “hart”

    Material: O.Ind. karkara- “rough, hard” = Gk. κάρκαροι τραχεῖς Hes., O.Ind. karkaśa- “rough, hard” (also karaka- m., “hail”?); presumably Gk. κρανα[F]ός “hard, rough, felsig”. In addition probably die words for “Krebs”: O.Ind. karkaṭa- m. “Krebs” (karkin- “Krebs as Sternbild”, Lw. from Gk. καρκίνος), karka-ḥ m. “crab”; Gk. καρκίνος ds., Lat. cancer, -crī ds. (dissim. from *carcro-, perhaps already IE, compare O.Ind. kaŋkaṭ a- m. “Panzer” from *kaŋkr̥ ta-); daß O.C.S. rakъ “Krebs” from *krakъ dissim. sei, is possible; die Ä hnlichkeit with Nor. (etc.) ræke “cапcег squilla, Garnele” places borrowing of Nor. words ahead; further words for hard Schale, Nuß: Gk. κάρυον “Nuß”, καρύα f. “Nußbaum”; Lat. carīna f. “Nußschale, the keel of a ship, ship” (maybe from dem Gk. after Keller Volkset. 279, in welchem case καρύινος die wellspring is); Welsh ceri (*carīso-) “kernel “. With t-suffixes: Goth. hardus “hard, stern”, O.N. harðr “hard”, O.E. heard “hard, strong, valiant”, O.S. hard, O.H.G. hart, herti “hard, tight, firm, heavy “, adv. O.N. harða, O.E. hearde, O.H.G. harto, M.L.G. harde “very, particularly, specially, especially, particular: in particular, peculiarly, separately, extra, notably “ (compare Gk. κάρτα), Proto-Gmc. *harðú- from IE *kar-tú-; due to an IE extension *kre-t-, *kr̥t- Eol. (Gramm.) κρέτος, next to which with dem vocalism of adj. Att. κράτος, ep. Ion. κάρτος “ strength, power “, Hom. κρατύς ‘strong” Komparat. Ion. κρέσσων, Att.κρείττων, superl. κράτιστος, ep. κάρτιστος, adv. κάρτα ‘strong”, κρατερός, καρτερός ‘strong, tight, firm, violent” (etc.); remains far off O.Ind. krátu-, Av. xratuš “geistige power “. O.Ind. kaṭhiná-, káṭhora- “hard, tight, firm, stiff “ kann also with IE l to Welsh caled, M.Ir. calad “hard”, Gaul. -caletos belong (see kal- “hard”). Because of the Existenz an weitverbreiteten iber.-mediterr. *carra ‘stone, Steinhaufe” (v. Wartburg FEW. s. v.) is die affiliation folgender words dubious, die partly here or to (s)ker- “cut, clip” belong, partly nichtIE origin sein can: O.Ir. carrac f. (Ir. carraig) “rocks, cliff” and crec f. ds., gen. craice, creice, M.Ir. also nom. craic (Ir. craig) f. ds., gen. creca, derive alle from dem Brit., also M.Ir. crach “rough” (=scabbed); to O.Welsh carrecc, Welsh carreg f. ‘stone, rocks” (*karrikü), Bret. karreg, Corn. carrek ds., compare Welsh carrog ‘stream, brook” (*karrükü), eig. ‘steinbach” = M.Ir. carrach “ scabbed “ and Gallo-Rom. *cracos ‘stone” (v. Wartburg FEW. s. v), O.Welsh creik, Welsh craig f. (*krakī) “rocks”, Bret. krag ‘sandstein”, Welsh crach ‘scurf” = Bret. (Vannes) krah “ small hill, cusp, peak” (*krak-, *krakk-, perhaps through metathesis from *kar-k-) etc. basic forms are vorIE*karr- or IE *(s)kr̥-s- (ergäbe Celt. carr-), respectively *kar-k-; also zweidentig Ital.-veneziO.N. (Ven.) scaranto, caranto ‘steiniger Bergbach” and Ven. PN Scarantia > Scharnitz (Tirol), Carantania “Kärnten”, etc.; likewise Gmc. *har(u)gaz “ cairn, pile of stones set up as a memorial or mark of some kind, sacrificial altar “ in O.N. hǫrgr “ cairn, pile of stones set up as a memorial or mark of some kind “, O.E. hearg m. “heidnischer temple”, O.H.G. harg “Hain, temple” (finn. Lw. karko “Holzstoß, Stapel”, harkko “clump, heap”), perhaps also to O.Ir. Welsh Bret. corn ‘steinhũgel, Steingrab”, and O.H.G. hart “Bergwald”, O.E. harað, -eð ds.; barely here as “Waldbewohner” the altGmc. VN Φαροῦδες, Harudes, O.E. Hæreðas, O.Ice. Hǫrdar; rather to O.Ir. caur, cur “Held” (*karut-s).

    References: WP. I 30f., 345f., WH. I 8, 151, 166, 168, Loth RC 43, 401 f., Thurneysen KZ. 48, 71; 59, 7 Anm., Much Hoops Reallex. s. v. Harudes.